- - ABC-INDEX - -

Showing posts with label Miyagi. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Miyagi. Show all posts

11/10/2017

Masaoka Tsuruchiyo

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. Clay dolls - Introduction .
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Masaoka and Tsuruchiyo 政岡と鶴喜代

quote
Meiboku Sendaihagi 伽羅先代萩 "The Disputed Succession"
This is based on the troubles in the Date family of the Sendai clan in the Edo period. It tells the story of Nikki Danjo, the regent for the Ashikaga family in Oshu, who conspires with his younger sister Yashio to take over the Ashikaga family.
The main scenes performed today are: the one commonly called 'Goten,' in which the wet nurse Masaoka protects her young lord Tsuruchiyo from a party of villains by sacrificing her own son; commonly called 'Yukashita' in which Arajishi Otokonosuke who was on guard under the floor of the goten (palace) is overcome by Nikki Danjo's rat magic, then Nikki Danjo calmly escapes; and commonly called 'Taiketsu' and 'Ninjo' in which Nikki Danjo loses his legal case due to the judgment by Hosokawa Katsumoto, and resists but is executed.



Masaoka is the leading role in the 'Goten' scene, and is considered one of the important goten jochu (high-ranking lady-in-waiting in a palace) roles called Katahazushi. Nikki Danjo's role is famous as that of a major villain type called Kunikuzushi (person attempting to take over the country) and shows how fascinating a villain can be.
source : Invitation to Kabuki

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. Jitsuroku Sendai Hagi 実録先代萩 "The Real Succession".
Jitsuroku Sendai Hagi 実録先代萩
a noble family dispute within the Date samurai clan, which occurred in 1671.
Harada Kai Munesuke 原田甲斐 宗輔 (1619 - 1671)


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- ABC - List of dolls from the Prefectures




a clay doll from the Meiji period

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................................................................................ Aichi 愛知県  


clay doll, about 31 cm high
by 岩間房太郎 Iwama Fusataro

. Asahi tsuchi ningyoo 旭土人形 Asahi Clay Dolls .




................................................................................ Gifu 岐阜県  



from Kani 可児市 - 広見土人形 Hiromi Clay Dolls
About 24 cm high, late Taisho period
made by 高田伊兵衛 Takada Ihei
His son 覚太郎 Kakuraro continued the family tradition, but when he died the craft came to an end.

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瑞浪 from Mizunami



................................................................................ Hyogo 兵庫県  



about 33 cm high. Made by 赤井佐久 Akai Saku
稲畑土人形 Inabata clay doll




................................................................................ Yamagata 山形県  




Meiboku Sendai Hagi 伽羅先代萩 Kabuki figures
政岡と鶴千代 Masaoka and Tsuruchiyo

. Udogawara tsuchiningyoo 鵜渡川原土人形 Udogawa Clay Dolls .


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CLICK for more Ukiyo-E paintings !

「つるき代 尾上菊之助」「政岡 尾上梅幸」
歌川国芳 Utagawa Kuniyoshi




. gangu 玩具 伝説, omochcha おもちゃ  toy, toys and legends .
- Introduction -


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. Join the MINGEI group on facebook ! .  



. Regional Folk Toys from Japan .

. Japan - Shrines and Temples .


. Tohoku after the BIG earthquake March 11, 2011

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[ . BACK to DARUMA MUSEUM TOP . ]
- - - #masaoka #tsuruchiyo - - - - -
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10/19/2015

tansu chest of drawers

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. Artisans and craftsmen in Edo 江戸の職人 .
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tansu 箪笥 / 簞笥 -- たんす chest of drawers, Kommode
Tansu Storage Chest, cabinet
sashimono 指物 joinery and furniture



Tansu: Traditional Japanese Cabinetry
Ty Heineken, Kiyoko Heineken - 2004
- to read online : books.google.co.jp -

The Japanese and English wikipedia features most of the items of this book.
- quote -
Tansu is the traditional mobile storage cabinetry indigenous to Japan. Tansu was first recorded in the Genroku era of the Edo Period (1688–1704). The two characters, TAN and SU, appear to have initially represented objects with separate functions: the storage of food and the carrying of firewood. Since the radical for bamboo appears in each of these characters, it may be conjectured that wood was not as yet used.

During the time period in which tansu gradually became a feature of Japanese culture and daily life, 1657–1923, both hard and softwoods were used by Tansuya (tansu craftsmen), often in practical combination for a single chest.
Woods commonly used in tansu included Keyaki (elm), Kuri (chestnut), Ezo matsu (pine), Sugi (cedar), Kiri (paulownia) and Hinoki (cypress).

Many collectors focus on finding genuine antique Tansu. There are few workshops producing Tansu in imitation of the classic antiques due to the high cost of materials and the very low prices of secondhand Tansu. Larger chests are sometimes reduced in size, particularly Futon chests, Step chests and other chests with deep drawers . Some reproduction Tansu have been reproduced in Korea using Keyaki veneer.

Thanks to the wikipedia - I will just add a list of special terms
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

. keyaki 欅 伝説 Legends about the Zelkova tree .

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CLICK for more photos !

だるま箪笥 /ダルマ戸棚 Daruma Tansu

So called because they were used to decorate Daruma figures in them.
OR
Because the top and bottom chest have a tapering thin part (くびれ kubire) in the middle.

発祥としてダルマを飾るため、または職人がダルマを作る過程で使った戸棚という説と、戸棚の形が上下にくびれているため外観がダルマに似ているからという説がある.
- source : tochigiji.or.jp -

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- - - - - Types of tansu (...dansu in word combinations)
Choba-dansu, choo dansu 帳簞笥 for merchants registry
Ishoo-dansu 衣装簞笥 for Japanese robes
Karakuri-dansu からくり簞笥, karakuri Tansu, difficult to open, with a trick lock
Kusuri-dansu 薬簞笥 - 百味簞笥 apothecary chest, medicine chest
Katana-dansu 刀簞笥 for storing sword blades
Kaidan-dansu 階段箪笥 Kaidan tansu, step chest
Konrei-dansu 婚礼簞笥 wedding chest
Kuruma-dansu 車簞笥 chest with wheels
Nagamochi Kuruma-dansu - coffers on wheels
Ryobiraki Kasane-dansu - chest on chest tansu
Seiri-dansu 整理簞笥 to organize robes

- - - - - Meiji Period - Regional Diversification
Hikone Mizuya-dansu - Kitchen cabinet
Kuruma Choba-dansu
Kyoto Isho-dansu
. Sado Shima-dansu 佐渡島 Tansu from Sado Island .
Sakai Choba-dansu
Sendai Isho-dansu
Yonezawa Isho-dansu

Funa-dansu, Funadansu ship’s chests
- - - Cho-bako- accounting and writing related materials
Dezura hikidashi
Hiki-do
Kendon-buta 倹飩蓋 drop-fit door
Kobiraki-do
Ryobiraki-do
Zuri-do
- - - Hangai
- - - Kakesuzuri

- - - - - Types of hardware kanagu
Bo : Vertical locking bar
Choban : Hinge
Herikanagu
Hikite : Drawer pull
Kasugai
Meita
Mochiokuri
Obikanagu
Omotejo : A single-action lock
Sao-toshi
Sashikomijo
Sumikanagu
Urajo : A double-action lock
Zagane / Toshi-zagane



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- quote -
Karakuri tansu (Karakuri Chest)
is a traditional Japanese craft which has been rediscovered in modern times. The chest of drawers (tansu in Japanese) might look like ordinary Japanese furniture. However, you will be astonished to see what it can do. Put something inside the drawer. Once you close the drawer, the item will disappear as if by magic. It has a trick drawer that turns 180 degrees around, too! The purpose of both tricks is security, to keep valuables safe. Nevertheless, you still feel the touch of Japanese beauty.

It took enormous amounts of time and effort to develop and manufacture these chests. Teruaki Nakashima, the inventor of karakuri tansu, liked playing with machines and thinking up new mechanical devices even as a child. It is said that he was influenced by Hisashige Tanaka, the founder of the Tanaka factory which later became Toshiba Corporation. Nakashima began studying karakuri and drawing his own sketches. By devoting his profound knowledge to karakuri, he invented many new tricks.
Karakuri tansu resulted from the fusion of Nakashima's profound knowledge of karakuri, the magnificent furniture production legacy of Fukuoka Prefecture, and the funa-dansu - a chest for keeping valuables on board ship, which was a crystallization of Edo-Period knowledge and craft.

Nakashima created the karakuri tansu based on an adaptation of the funa-tansu. Needless to say, it wasn't easy, because most of the precise and delicate operation had to be done by hand.



Security Chest!
Now we can experience traditional craftsmanship just as it used to be, with karakuri tansu. It uses a classic technique of timbering, tsutsumi-ari (a sturdy method that joins the side board of drawers to the front) and a stunning processing method (repeating polish, coating and drying) which takes advantage of the beautiful wooden texture. As for the exterior, it has metal fittings with exquisite decorations which contribute to a strong structure, and the smooth and elegant texture of zelkova trees can be seen on the surface. The interior uses paulownia wood, an excellent choice. Finally, it includes a high security system and playful touches, making it ideal for practical use. Since the chest is all handmade, it takes two months to complete construction.

A great fusion of culture, knowledge, and traditional techniques occurred to bring us the karakuri tansu we have today. Their tasteful style and elegance captivates people all over the world. From all over Asia to Germany, the Netherlands and Russia, karakuri tansu are highly regarded for security, and appreciated for their beauty. - source : karakuriya.com/english -

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kaidan-dansu 階段箪笥 Kaidan tansu, step chest, step cabinet
staircase chest
hakokaidan 箱階段 "staircase made of boxes" / 階段タンス




They were practical in town houses as a staircase to the upper rooms, with the function to store things in the "step boxes". Since they are usually propped up against a wall, there a no double-sided Kaidan-dansu.
- reference -

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Traditional Japanese Chests: A Definitive Guide
by Kazuko Koizumi and Gavin Frew

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tansuya 箪笥屋 Tansu maker in Edo
sashimonoshi, sashimono shi 指物師

"Sashimono" is a term derived from the traditional practice of using a woodwork ruler (or a "monosashi" in Japanese) to carefully measure timber materials in order to create box-shaped items of furniture, such being equipped with precise-fitting lids and drawers.

. Edo Sashimono 江戸指物 Wood Joinery Furniture - Introduction .

. shokunin 職人 craftsman, craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker .

In the early Edo period Tansu were also called
kosodebitsu 小袖櫃 (hitsu 櫃 is a wooden container)
or spelled with the Chinese characters for zushi 厨子. (Now the term zushi is used for Buddhist tabernacles.)
The early Tansu had only hikidashi 引き出し drawers and no hikido 引き戸 sliding doors.
Many townspeople in Edo did not have enough robes to fill a Tansu, just a few to wrap in a Furoshiki or a koori 行李 small woven luggage box.

The Tansu from Edo were quite simple and had to be cheap. They often burned in the many fires and had to be replaced often. Many Tansu were made of the light kiri 桐 paulownia wood.

To make a Tansu there was the craftsan for the wood work, but also one to make the metal fittings and another one to make the special nails to hold it all together.

kajiya 鍛冶屋 blacksmith
kugi kajiya 釘鍛冶屋 special blacksmith for nails


- - - - - In Edo, the Kajiya lived in
. Chiyoda Kanda Kajichoo, Kajimachi 千代田区 神田 鍛冶町 .
Kajiyamachi 神田鍛冶屋町 in Kanda


. kajiya 鍛冶屋 blacksmith in all seasons .
takadono tatara 高殿鑪, fuigo bellows and more


. Kyo sashimono 京指物 Kyoto joinery and furniture .

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- ABC - List of Tansu from the Prefectures

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. . . . . . . . . . Fukui

Echizen tansu 越前箪笥 chests from Echizen



- quote -
Echizen Traditional Tansu Craft
First recorded in the Genroku era of the Edo period, tansu is the traditional mobile storage cabinetry that is indigenous to Japan. Tansuyas (tansu craftsmen) would utilise both hard and softwoods to fashion these amazing cabinets. Antique tansus are highly prized by collectors, and can be worth an astronomical price. Due to that, many tansu workshops produce imitation pieces of antiques, using the same kind of wood and metallic fittings, giving it that aged look, and the only way to be able to tell them apart is through careful documentation and and personal physical examination by scholars.

Echizen city is famous for its tansu history, and I got the opportunity to visit an expert in the preservation and refurbishment of antique tansus, Mr Naito Yoshio. A collector of many tansu pieces around Echizen city and in Japan, Mr Yoshio's shop houses a huge collection of these cabinets, ranging from pieces which are used as a wardrobe, one for storing kimonos and even one particular piece which was both a climbing apparatus and a storage unit at the same time! Mr Yoshio also explained that one of the ways to tell whether a tansu was made in Echizen city was to look at its metallic fittings, and Echizen city's signature has two hearts facing sideways on it. His impressive collection of many antique cabinets all had it, and due to its long history, most of his collection are now worth a fortune.
- - - snip - - -
The last stop of the day was visiting a tansu factory, where a tansuya was making a Kuruma Choba-dansu (chest on wheels), once a status symbol of merchant families during the Meiji period, for a customer. The tansuya explained that a person in his occupation must have at least 10 years of experience in crafting a tansu for a customer to have confidence in his abilities. This only goes to show the dedication of the Japanese to their craft, and it'll be a long time before I can afford to own a piece of Echizen's cultural craftsmanship.
- source : en.japantravel.com Jerome Lee -


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. . . . . . . . . . Iwate

Iwayadoo tansu 岩谷堂箪笥 Tansu from Iwayado



- quote -
he history of the famous IWAYADO furniture dates back to the age of the Fujiwara family, a family which had signified the cultural and political character of Japanese heritage in the 1100's. One of the rulers among the Fujiwara family, Kiyohira, encouraged his people to develop the industry of handicrafts. The main products at that time were trunks (Nagamochi, in Japanese), not quite the same as today's drawers or chests.

In the feudal age in Japan, Lord Muramasa Iwaki, the ruler of the Iwayado area decided to inspire the manufacturing industry for the advancing economic structure which had previously been dependend on rice-centered agriculture. He ordered a member of his staff, Mozaemon Mishina, to create a new style of drawers with casters and fine furnishing with lacquer painting and metal ornaments in the 1780's. Two craftsmen, Kihei and Daikichi mastered iron work in order to realize this goal. The most valuable contribution to the development of Iwayado furniture was the creation of elaborately engraved metal fittings by Tokubei in the 1820's. As these arts and skills became a good tradition among the craftsmen, Iwayado furniture production became more widespread.

Read the details of the homepage:
- source : iwayado-tansu.jp -


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. . . . . . . . . . Miyagi

Sendai tansu 仙台箪笥 Tansu from Sendai



- quote -
Sendai tansu chests were devised for samurai about 400 years ago. They are made of firm zelkova wood with ornamental iron metals and finished with kijiro-nuri, a lacquer coating to enhance the grains of the wood.
- source : sentabi.jp/en -

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. . . . . . . . . . Yamagata

Sakata funa-dansu, Sakata fune tansu 坂田船箪笥 / 舟箪笥 ship chest from Sakata



They are made of keyaki 欅 zelkova wood outside and kiri paolownia inside.
The doors are of the kendon type 倹飩蓋 (drop-fit door). The lock plates are made of iron.

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Shoonaidansu, Shōnai tansu 庄内箪笥 chest from Shonai
The black laquer Tansu 黒漆 from the Shonai region are most famous.
Shonai kasane kiritansu
- (photo see below).

Mostly made from sugi 杉 cedar wood outside and kiri paulownia inside.
The metal parts are made from copper or iron.



Handles made in the warabite 蕨手 (warabi-te) style, named after the mountain fern warabi.

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Yamagata sashimono 山形指物 cabinetry form Yamagata city



Modern chest of drawers from Yamagata

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Yonezawa tansu 米沢箪笥 chest of drawers from Yonezawa



Yonezawa Isho-dansu
Tucked remotely into the snowy mountains of the Tohoku region, the castle town of Yonezawa developed a chest on chest style for clothing storage strongly influenced by the refined lacquer finishing techniques of the Mikune area of the Japan Sea coast.
The distinctive five petal cherry blossom with an arabesque of ivy engraved lock plate motif and the placement of the kobirakido (hinged door compartment) in the top chest rather than the lower, help to distinguish Yonezawa provenance.
- (wikipedia) -


. Yamagata imono 山形鋳物 ironware, cast iron, metal art .

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Japanese Cabinetry: The Art & Craft of Tansu
David Jackson

. Reference .


- - - #tansu #chestofdrawers - - - - -
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- - - - - Haiku and Senryu 俳句 川柳 - - - - -

chadansu 茶箪笥 chest for tea ceremony utensils



啓蟄の茶箪笥の戸の半開き 佐々木六戈 百韻反故
茶箪笥へ射す日が折れて春立ちぬ 菖蒲あや
茶箪笥や椿の枝の活けてある 長谷川櫂 Hasegawa Kai
蓮見茶屋箪笥の鐶に手紙さし 星野立子 Hoshino Tatsuko

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funadansu 船箪笥 / 舟箪笥 ship's chest



あいの風酒田旧家に船箪笥 詫摩まつ子
お年玉船箪笥より取りいだす 林佑子
亀巣忌や潮錆び古ぶ船箪笥 神尾うしほ
春愁や船霊抜けし船箪笥 磯貝碧蹄館
貝寄風や祖父の匂ひの船箪笥 脇本千鶴子

しぐれ来て鉄の匂ひの舟箪笥 脇本千鶴子
水夫町や晩菊と照る舟箪笥 野沢節子
炉ふさぎの商家に残る舟箪笥 新家ひで子
繭玉の影ゆらゆらと舟箪笥 加藤三七子

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furudansu 古箪笥 "old chest"



元日や啓吉も世に古箪笥 芥川龍之介
残暑めく夜の古箪笥きしみ入り 横光利一
青北風に据ゑてくらしの古箪笥 稲垣きくの

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hinadansu 雛箪笥 chest to store the Hina dolls



二棹はほしき雛の箪笥かな 後藤比奈夫
小箪笥に雛ぽちとある叔母訪ヘり 久米正雄
裏店(うらだな)や箪笥の上の雛まつり 高井几菫
豆雛が箪笥の上に忘られて 臼田亞浪
雛壇の箪笥を開けて衣装なし 南上加代子
雛箪笥あくやふくらみでる縮緬 澁谷道


. hina matsuri 雛祭り Hina doll festival .
March 3 (the double three date)

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ishoodansu, ishô-dansu  衣装簞笥 chest for Japanese robes



入れかへて箪笥ゆるやか夏衣 小原寿女
去年今年箪笥にあまる形見の衣 詫摩まつ子
涅槃衣も衣箪笥や虫払 喜谷六花
秋蛍母の箪笥よりわが産衣 奥磯照子

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obidansu, obi tansu 帯箪笥 chest for Obi belts



帯箪笥はみ出て長き春の帯 長谷川かな女

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katanadansu 刀箪笥 -- 刀簞笥 chest for sword blades



刀箪笥掛物箪笥五月闇
中戸川朝人

. katana 日本刀 the Japanese Sword .

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kiridansu, kiri tansu 桐箪笥 chest from paulownia wood
They were especially light and watertight in the rainy season.
This one has many low chests for ladie's kimonos. They are part of a woman’s dowry and are passed on in the family.
The town of Kamo in Niigata is a famous center for kiri tansu.

. kiri 桐 paulowna wood art .




うすものや共に古びし桐箪笥
usumono ya tomo ni furubishi kiritansu

my thin robes -
the paulownia chest is getting old
with them


Mori Takeko 森たけ子


. usumono 羅 うすもの thin robes for summer .

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へその緒は母の箪笥に桐の花
heso no o wa haha no tansu ni kiri no hana

my umbilical cord
in the chest of my mother -
paulownia blossoms


Sakamoto Kyoko 坂本杏子


. kotobukibako へその緒寿箱 box for the umbilical cord .

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桐箪笥奥にひらけし芒原 坂本宮尾
桐箪笥野晒しのごと家にあり 宇田蓋男

うすらひや桐の匂はぬ桐箪笥 神尾久美子
余花の雨琴糸収む桐箪笥 内山美智子
母の背の若く涼しき桐箪笥 猪俣千代子
玉虫もたたうも古りぬ桐箪笥 小林宏
青鬼灯母の詰まりし桐箪笥 清水山菜子


. kiri 桐 paolownia .
kigo for various seasons

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kurodansu, kuro tansu 黒箪笥 black chest



母ならむ鶴引く頃の黒箪笥 栗林千津
雨はげし花冷えはげし黒箪笥 柴田白葉女

The black laquer Tansu from the Shōnai 庄内 Shonai region of Yamagata are most famous.
庄内箪笥 黒漆, see above.

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wadansu 和箪笥 "Japanese chest of drawers"



和箪笥に傷を見つけし風邪寝かな 木村光代
和箪笥の何段目かな癌細胞 土田武人
和箪笥の軽き軋みや更衣 横田澄江

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yakudansu, kusuridansu 薬箪笥 chest for Chinese medicine



古民家の薬箪笥や小鳥来る 渡辺光江
梅雨晴間薬草箪笥に残りし香 濱田未過去
百千鳥薬種箪笥に岩絵具 甲士三郎
薬箪笥の薬匂へり小六月 松本 旭
黐の花に薬箪笥をならべけり 長谷川かな女


. Kanpoyaku 漢方薬 Chinese Medicine .

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畳替すみたる箪笥据わりけり
久保田万太郎 Kubota Mantaro

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春立つやぶらり牛込箪笥町 Ushigome Tansumachi
赤瀬川昌彦

. Ushigome 牛込 .

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しまい込む箪笥預金や梅の日々 高澤良一
竜淵に潜む箪笥のナフタリン 高澤良一


箪笥からはみだす姉のはらわたも春 西川徹郎
箪笥から汽罐車一語発したり 大沢輝一
箪笥のなか掻き回したる冬支度 油井和子
箪笥より樟の木つ端や夏期賞与 鈴木恵美子「
箪笥憂し服に外套にわが歴史 林翔 和紙
箪笥運び入れたるあとの冬木立 友岡子郷

ぼろ市の路をせばめし箪笥かな 植木美枝子
一つある箪笥の齢庵の秋 島村元句集
三十年の箪笥軋める冬銀河 鍵和田[ゆう]子
梯子箪笥きしませ上る雲の峰 鍵和田[ゆう]子
下駄買うて箪笥の上や年の暮 荷風
久々に母の箪笥に虹が立ち 渡辺誠一郎
冷まじや箪笥に納む明治の緋 相澤いさを
千鳥鳴くやかほどの華奢も箪笥鍵 久米正雄
在りし日の箪笥の闇も享けしかな 河原珠美
子へ贈る本が箪笥に聖夜待つ 大島民郎
巴里の香水箪笥に仕舞ふ薄暑かな 及川貞
底深き箪笥覗かる蟷螂に 石川文子
懸想文箪笥にしまひ置くことに 福井圭児
把手大き祖母の箪笥や午祭 古賀まり子
新涼の母の箪笥に男帯 大木あまり 火球

春の灯や一つ上向く箪笥鐶 風生
春ソウル箪笥の中のテレビジヨン 夏石番矢
春暁をさめて箪笥のもとにかな 太田鴻村
春蘭は箪笥を閉めるやうにあり 中井洋子
桜貝箪笥の隅に眠りをり 船津つねを
猪鍋や箪笥の上に物を積み 山西雅子
獅子座流星箪笥にたまる宇宙塵 安西篤

玉蟲や妹が箪笥の二重 村上鬼城
玉虫や妹が箪笥の二重 村上鬼城
玉虫や野良着ばかりの我が箪笥 塩見蛙子
白足袋を箪笥が銜へゐる寒さ 鈴木鷹夫
盆過の箪笥の影に坐りけり 永島靖子

簟歩けば箪笥ことことと 千原 叡子
経箪笥きざはしびらきお風入 大橋敦子
緋縮緬噛み出す箪笥とはの秋 三橋敏雄
縄を綯ふ箪笥ま黒き奥座敷 佐川広治
臍の緒を箪笥に守り曼珠沙華 佐々木六戈
色鳥やひとつ箪笥に妻のもの 石田勝彦
花冷や瞽女の箪笥のしるし紐 西本一都
花冷や箪笥の底の男帯 鈴木真砂女
蓬莱や京に古りける菓子箪笥 多賀子
蚊を焼くや箪笥の上の寝ぬ人形 月舟俳句集
蠅とんでくるや箪笥の角よけて 京極杞陽
被爆箪笥買ひ替へよとや亀の鳴く 朝倉和江

車箪笥や人はうごいて飛騨を去る 津沢マサ子
近江へは花見箪笥を背負ひゆかな 藤田あけ烏
野の家の箪笥見えてる稲の秋 臼田亜浪 旅人
銃箪笥てふ古きもの狩の宿 依田秋葭
鍵穴が箪笥に三つ春の蝉 寺井谷子
雪女来る頃ぎしと鳴る箪笥 有馬朗人
風鈴に尾をつけ箪笥に風入るる 菖蒲あや
餅筵箪笥の裾につかえけり 吉屋信子
麦秋や箪笥に眠る日章旗 片岡啓子
ネクタイ吊るタンスの中も秋の空気 高橋信之
- source : HAIKUreikuDB -

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. tansu 箪笥 / 簞笥 と伝説 Legends about chest of drawers .


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. Interior Design - The Japanese Home .

. gangu 玩具 伝説, omochcha おもちゃ  toy, toys and legends .
- Introduction -

. Regional Folk Toys from Japan .

. Japan - Shrines and Temples .


. Tohoku after the BIG earthquake March 11, 2011

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5/29/2015

Legends red cow akaushi

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. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .
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Legends about the Red Cow, Red Bull 赤牛と伝説 aka-ushi, akaushi
akage no oushi (o-ushi) 赤毛の牡牛 a Bull with red hair


akaushi no yookai 赤牛の妖怪 monster red bull
oni wa akaushi 鬼は赤牛 a demon is the red bull


「緑牛」の正体 ? and what about the green bull ?

I have come across some legends about cows, but the special mention of color, like the RED, GREEN or BLACK cow
. . must have some deeper meaning.
Sometimes the red cow is the "ike no nushi" 池の主の赤牛  master of the pond.
Still trying to find that out. Any help is welcome.
Some sources say it was the malaria.

Gabi Greve, May 2015

- Part 2 -
. Legends about the Black Cow, Black Bull  黒牛と伝説 kuro-ushi, kuroushi .


. Legends about animals 動物と伝説 .
- Introduction of cow legends -


. ushi oni, ushioni, gyuuki 牛鬼 "bull-demon" ox ogre .
a monster in the pandemonium of Western Japan.




quote
Akaushi (赤牛, あか牛  roughly meaning "red cow")
is a Japanese Wagyū breed of cattle. The beef produced by Akaushi cattle is richly marbled with fat and produces a very tender, flavorful, and expensive variety of steak which is used in Kobe restaurants.
Beef
originally carrying the title of "Kobe beef" were simply cattle from herds in the Kobe area of Japan, and could be any of four breeds of Wagyu cattle: the Akaushi (Japanese Red), the Kuroushi (Japanese Black), the Japanese Polled and the Japanese Shorthorn.
The Akaushi
is a Japanese breed of cattle actually created by a government project that included as many as 150 scientists at one point and spanned more than 50 years. The story goes that these cattle were considered the property of the Japanese government and they were never to leave the Japanese islands.
Currently,
the largest purebred group of Wagyū outside Japan is a herd of Akaushi cattle located in Harwood, Texas, owned by HeartBrand Beef. It was raised from a Japanese imported herd of 11 which was guarded by off-duty Texas Rangers to protect from interbreeding for over 12 years until the herd grew to over 5,000 cattle.
The meat
contains high concentrations of oleic acid, a heart-healthy fatty acid. Akaushi beef has a high ratio of monounsaturated to saturated fats.
source : wikipedia

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- Now let us go back to the past and enjoy some legends about "red cows".
Since most farmers in former times used cows for the field work, I use that translation.
Oxen and bulls were kept by specialized farmers for breeding.



from the Mooo bar, Shiraishi Island, Japan

. Buddha Statues and Cows (Bulls, Oxen) .


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- ABC - List of Red Cow legends from the Prefectures

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. . . . . . . . . . Fukushima 福島県

aka-beko, aka beko, akabeko 赤べこ a red cow
protecting from smallpox, like Daruma



aka-beko, aka beko 赤べこ
The most important of the Aizu Papermachee Dolls is the Red Oxen, Akabeko. The red color is auspicious for warding off illnesses. Many papermachee dolls of the Aizu area are called "Red Things" (akamono) for this reason.
Red things are also good luck symbols for childrearing.



. ushi 丑 ox, oxen (cow, bull, calf) amulets .

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. . . . . . . . . . Kagawa 香川県 

Once uopon a time
an old woman was on her way back from a pilgrimage to Konpira san and walked through the valley 五重谷, when a red cow came running after her. The old woman became quite scared and thought this must be a monster, so she hid in the forest. The red cow eventually disappeared, but to pray for its soul people built a small statue of Jizo Bosatsu at this spot.

. Konpira Daigongen . 金毘羅大権現 .

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. . . . . . . . . . Kagoshima 鹿児島県

日置郡 Hioki gun 山町 Yamamachi

Way back in the mountanis of the hamlet there is the top of an old five-storied stone pagoda 五輪塔, called ガラン Garan. It is not allowed for women to go there and other villagers may only come during the special ritual days. There are 16 powerful deities venerated here and they use the red bull.
Recently a five-storied pagoda has been dug out below the Garan, but the man who did it became a terrible headache. So this one too is venerated in the Garan now.

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. . . . . . . . . . Miyagi 宮城県

亘理町 Watari

When 伊達成実 Date Shigesane (1568 - 1646) built the castle, he had a red bull burried alive in the wall as a protector deity. On a special prayer hill in the South of his living quarters he planted a keyaki ケヤキ zelkova tree, but whoever would use its branches for firewood was cursed.



Watarijoo 亘理城 Watari Jo Castle


There are other castles or a samurai residences with a red bull burried alive (臥牛城 gagyuujoo) in Miyagi,
for example
登米郡登米町寺池の伊達氏登米館 - Date residence in Tome gun - Teraike Jo 寺池城
角田市の石川氏角田館 - Ishikawa residence in Kakuda town, 角田城 Kakuda Jo
玉造郡岩出山町の伊達氏岩出山城 - Date residence in Tamatsukuri gun - Iwadeyama Jo
柴田郡川崎町平沢の高野氏平沢館 - Takano residence in Shibata gun - Hirazawa Yakata
柴田郡川崎町,川崎城,川崎要害- Kawasaki castle, Kawasaki Yogai Stronghold

gagyuujoo, fushiushijoo 臥牛城(がぎゅうじょう、ふしうしじょう)gagyujo, fushiushijo -
Fushiushi Castle "Lying ox castle" - in Japan:

駒ヶ嶺城 (福島県相馬郡新地町)- Komagamine Jo castle, Fukushima
大森城 (福島県福島市)- Omori Jo castle, Fukushima
結城城 (茨城県結城市)- Yūki- Yuki Jo castle, Ibaraki

水沢城 (岩手県奥州市、大休城とも)- Mizuzawa Jo castle, Iwate
source : japan-iwate.info

岡城 (大分県竹田市)- Oka Jo castle, Oita
source : okacastleruins

烏山城 (栃木県那須烏山市)- Karasuyama- Jo castle, Tochigi
source : Karasuyama-castle

. . . CLICK here for more Photos - 臥牛城 !


. hitobashira 人柱 "human pillar" - human sacrifice .
ikenie 生贄 / 生け贄 human sacrifice


Gagyuuzan 臥牛山 Mount Gagyuzan in Okayama, Takahashi, 487 m high

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臥牛とは神慮に適ひあたたかし
後藤夜半

天つ日や臥牛に炎ゆる曼珠沙華
渡邊水巴 (from the collection : Mount Fuji 富士)

土手の臥牛が軸で水郷ぎりと輪転
山崎愛子


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. . . . . . . . . . Nagasaki 長崎県

. a red bull and the okeya 桶屋 bucket maker .
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西彼町 Seihi village

宮浦の峠に、狐がたくさん出た。ある日、老人が赤牛を連れて峠に行くと、ツワの葉を体にたくさん付けた狐がいた。老人は狐が化かしていると思ったが、そのときにはもう化かされており、どこか違う家の書斎に居る気になっていた。そこへ人が通りかかり何をしているのかと問いかけると、老人は牛のしっぽに掴まって「狐だ」と言っていたという。


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. . . . . . . . . . Niigata 新潟県

西蒲原郡 Nishi Kanbara gun 赤塚村 Akatsuka village

The master of the pond Akazu no Ike 明かずの池 was a huge serpent (or a red bull), which killed the villagers and brought much misfortune to the village. So the priest from temple 正元寺 performed special rituals and prayers for seven days and seven nights.
The red bull had to flee from the pond and escaped to another one, the pond in Jigokudani (Valley of Hell 地獄谷).

. Jigokudani 地獄谷 ”Hell Valley" -- Jigoku no Tani 地獄の谷 .

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red beco, redbeco


- source : redbeco.com -meat -


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. . . . . . . . . . Okayama 岡山県 

The Red Cow and Awakura Hot Spring  粟倉温泉 

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総社市 Soja

昔六社宮は山上に祭られていたが、すぐ潰えるので、人柱の代わりに赤牛を入れることになった。当時ある者が赤牛を飼っていて、金を出せば出しても良いということになった。その後は潰えなくなったが、牛を出した者の家では2代も3代もオシゴロウが出たという。

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. akaushi ni notta sennin 赤牛に乗った仙人 the Immortal who rode on a red bull .



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. . . . . . . . . . Okinawa 沖縄県

ウシ・マジムンは死棺を入れる籠が牛に化けたものだという。夜遅くの帰りに、赤牛が突進してきた。両角を追って組み伏せたが疲れて倒れた。翌朝になってみると籠の両側につけた飾り物を握っていた。

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宮古郡 Miyako

ヤーマス・ウガン由来伝承は、3人兄弟の出生譚として異常妊娠(いつとはなしに孕む)、異常出産(3つの卵を生む)、生長段階の異常食欲、来間島での牡赤牛との格闘なとの話しを持つ。牡牛から来間無人化の理由を聞いてヤーマス・ウガン再興を約束し、女(老婆の連れ去られていた娘)を連れ帰り、長男の嫁とした。生まれた娘たちを次男、三男の嫁とした。
or

ヤーマス・ウガンの由来に関する説話では、赤牛ではなく、黒牛が出てくる話が採録されている。「牛のような怪物」という表現の頻度も高い。「天プトク地プトク根入リヤプトク主司」の説話では、赤牛が死ないし死後の世界にかかわる例がある。伊良部島の伝承では小さな赤牛が侵略者をひっかけてミルクガマへとつれ去る。

check
この話に出てくる鬼は赤牛だが、先に紹介した「卵から生まれた英雄」にも赤牛の妖怪が来間島に出現している。牛に神性があることを早くに指摘したのは石田英一郎で「河童駒引考」の中で詳しく解説している。
http://www2s.biglobe.ne.jp/~hiroba/ikai0107.html

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CLICK for more akabeko photos !

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. . . . . . . . . . Shizuoka 静岡県

Nagatsuro no kakure sato 長津呂のかくれ里 the hidden village of Nagatsuro

Once upon a time

むかし、南伊豆の長津呂(ながつろ)に与丸(よまる)という若者が母親と二人で暮らしていた。家に財産と呼べるようなものは、飼っている赤牛のアカくらいのものだった。それでも与丸はいたって気がやさしく、仕事のない日は浜辺の大岩の上で昼寝をするのがなによりの楽しみだった。

ところがこの与丸、ちょっと人が良すぎるところがあった。今日は庄屋さんの家で働いてきたのに、もらったお金は権左に貸してしまい、また吾作に貸したお金も返してもらっていない。この前は次郎兵衛の所で働いたのに、一銭ももらわずに帰って来たりといった調子だった。

ある日、与丸はいつものように浜辺の大岩の上で昼寝をしていた。起きてみると、いつも近くで草を食んでいるアカの姿が見当たらない。与丸がアカを呼ぶと、それに答えて「モ~~~」というアカの鳴き声が聞こえる。どうも鳴き声は大岩の中から聞こえてくるようだった。そして、与丸が鳴き声が聞こえてくる辺りを触ってみると、与丸は大岩の中に吸い込まれてしまう。

与丸が気がつくと、辺りは甘い香りが漂い、与丸がこれまで見たこともないような美しい景色が広がっていた。甘酸っぱい花の香りにつられて歩いて行くと、与丸はお爺さんがアカを連れて歩いているのを見つける。お爺さんは与丸に言う。

「これはこれは、与丸どの。牛を黙って借りてすまなかったのぅ。ところでの、与丸どの、この畑を鋤く(すく)一ヶ月ばかりあんたの牛を貸してはくれんかのぅ?」お爺さんはその代わりにと、与丸に蓮(はす)の種を一粒渡してまた言う。「その種を家に帰って水の中に蒔いてみなされ。良いことがありますぞな。」

ところが、アカを人に貸してしまったと聞いた与丸のおっかさんは、「アカを人に取られたら、どうやって暮らせばいいんじゃ。」と言って怒り、与丸が蓮の種を見せると「こんな物!!」と言って与丸の手をはたき、種は家の裏の池に落ちてしまう。

それからしばらく、与丸とおっかさんはアカの分までこれまでの何倍も働かねばならなかった。そんなある朝、与丸が目を覚まして何気なく裏の池を見ると、池にはきれいな蓮の花が咲いていた。その蓮の花はこの世のものとは思えぬ美しさで、あたかも極楽の景色のようだった。

またしばらくして、約束の期日になったので、与丸はアカを返してもらおうと浜辺の大岩の所に行った。与丸はお爺さんから礼を言われ、無事アカを返してもらった。ところが、家に帰ると、池の蓮の花は散っており、なにやら重そうな実をつけている。与丸が見てみると、なんと蓮の実は金の粒だった。金の粒はアカを貸した日数とちょうど同じ30粒あった。この金のおかげで、与丸の家はすっかり裕福になった。

しかしその後、与丸がいくら大岩のもとに行っても、二度と大岩の中に入ることは出来なかったそうな。

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Tajima no Akaushi 対島の赤牛

昔、伊豆の対島(たじま)に福泉寺(ふくせんじ)というやぶれ寺があった。この寺に住む住職は次々に行方不明になり、今では誰も住む者がなくなってしまった。村人たちは、福泉寺の奥にある大池の主が池に引き込んでしまうのだと言った。

それから何年かして、美濃の国の名のある武将が、何か思うところがあり出家した。僧になった武将は対島を訪れ、対島の美しい眺めを見て、ここを入定の地と定めた。そこで僧は、福泉寺のことを古老に聞いた。古老が言うには、福泉寺の森の奥に大池があり、夜中にその池の方から牛の鳴き声のような恐ろしい声が聞こえると言うのだ。僧は、それならば今晩、福泉寺に泊まり化け物の正体を見届けると言い、古老が止めるのも聞かず一人で福泉寺に向かってしまった。

夜、福泉寺の本堂では、静まり返った闇の中で僧の読経の声だけが響く。すると池の方から化け物の咆哮が聞こえた。僧が本堂から外に出てみると、そこには赤牛がいた。僧は赤牛に向かって、「もしそなたに仏性(ぶっしょう)があるなら人間の姿になって話してみなさい。」と言う。すると赤牛は夜叉(やしゃ)の女の姿になって本堂に入ってきた。

赤牛を目の前にして一切動じない僧を見て、赤牛は問う。「主(ぬし)は命が惜しくないのか?」僧はこれに応える。「自分は命に執着はない。そなたには仏性がある。仏の功徳(くどく)を聞かれてはどうか。ここに来た理由は救われたいがため?」

赤牛はこれを否定する。「自分は魔界に生を受けたもの。仏法などには縁はない。ここに来た理由はお主を殺そうと思ったからだ。しかし、お主は今までの僧とは違う。ここの住職は自分を恐れるばかりで、なかには討ちかかってくる者までいた。それでやむなく池に引き込んで沈めてしまった。しかし、ここにきて殺生が嫌になった。」

僧は言う。その心こそが仏性であると。僧は続けて自分が出家した経緯を話す。「自分が出家を思い立ったのは、戦で多くの人を殺したがため。私とそなたは同じ悩みを持つもの同士で、その二人がここで対峙するのも、仏のみ心によるものであろう。」

こう言って僧は、夜を徹して赤牛に仏の道を聞かせた。そして夜が明ける頃には、僧と赤牛は二人で手を合わせて読経していた。すると赤牛の身体が光り、これまで夜叉の女の姿であったものが美しい女の姿に変じた。これは赤牛が発心(ほっしん)したためであった。

女の姿に変わった赤牛は、本堂をでて大池に向かった。すると歩く道は白い光となり、赤牛を導くように大池の方に向かって伸びた。女の姿の赤牛は念仏の声とともに大池の水面上で消える。明朝、このことを聞いた古老は、なんとも有り難い話であると感嘆した。

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伊東市 Ito town

Before the development of the town, most of the plain was a huge pond, and its master was a red cow. It killed the priests of temple 福泉寺 Fukusen-Ji one after another.
Eventually a samurai turned priest named 和泉良孝 Izumi Yoshitaka began to read the sutras and finally all became quiet in the region.




Ippeki ike no aka-ushi 一碧湖の赤牛 The Red Cow from Ippeki Pond

Once upon a time
there lived a red cow in the pond, and sometimes it came out of the water, attacked the boats or shapeshifted into a beautiful farm girl and teased the farmers. It also shapeshifted into a dragon and attacked the fisherman and anglers on the shore and the villagers were really in trouble.



In the Kanei period (around 1635) the priest of the temple 光栄寺 Koei-Ji heared about this nuisance, came to the lake, settled down on one of the small islands and begun to pray and perform rituals for seven days. Finally the red cow was contained and the lake became quiet again.



Then he built a small hall there and placed copies of the 法華経 Lotus Sutra in it. Now this island is called
経島 "the Sutra Island".
By the way, there is also a small hall for the 水神 God of Water on the island and people come here to pray for rain.

Ippeki pond is a small crater lake, about six kilometers south of Ito city. The circumference is only 4 km, but this is the largest lake in Izu Peninsula where there are very few lakes and ponds. There are twelve islands, and the beautiful scene reflecting the Amagi Mountains on the lake is known as the ”the eye of Izu”.

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中伊豆町 Nakaizu village

雨乞いには、万城の滝に七面堂の釣鐘を沈めた。
The master of the waterfall 万城の滝 Manjo no Taki was either 大蛇 a huge serpent or a red cow.
Another version says
The real master of the waterfall 万城 の滝 Manjo no Taki near the 地蔵堂 Jizo Hall was a red cow.

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田方郡 Tagata gun 戸田村 Heda village

真城山のさなぎ池
The real master of the Sanagi pond at mount Sanagiyama is a red cow.


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. . . . . . . . . . Yamanashi 山梨県

北巨摩郡 Kitakomo gun 小淵沢町 Kobuchisawa
At the pond called Kobuchi there was a thriving forest and also a small sanctuary.
In former times when there were visitors, farmers would to this sanctuary the night before and ask for food ready to be served on trays 膳椀, just then number of visitors. The next morning they could get the trays full of food, but they had to bring the plates and trays back by evening.
Then one farmer forgot to bring the plates and trays back and the master of the pond, a red bull, got angry and flew away, all the way to lake Suwako 諏訪湖.
There was no more food delivery at this pond, of course.

(There are similar legends of this type where a Kappa makes the delivery.
What could be the background of these legends?)

. Kappa providing food 膳椀と河童 .

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南巨摩郡 Minamikoma gun 五開村 Gokai village

Once the son of a millionaire died, so they wrote the name on his back and held a funeral for him.
Soon after that in the neighbour's farm a red ox was born with the name of this son written on his back. So the rich man asked to have the ox, but since he was on very bad terms with his neighbour, he did not get his wish. Until they died, they were enemies.
We can learn from this story
that it is no good to write the name or seal on the back of a dead person.


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. Reference .

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マンガ昔話データベース Manga Mukashibanashi database
- source : nihon.syoukoukai.com -

妖怪 データベース yokai database
- source : www.nichibun.ac.jp -


. Legends about animals 動物と伝説 .

. minwa 民話 folktales / densetsu 伝説 Japanese Legends .
- Introduction -

- - - #akaushi #akaushilegends #redcowlegends - - - - -

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- Part 2 -

. Legends about the Black Cow, Black Bull  黒牛と伝説 kuro-ushi, kuroushi .

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. Join the MINGEI group on facebook ! .  



. Regional Folk Toys from Japan .

. Japan - Shrines and Temples .


. Tohoku after the BIG earthquake March 11, 2011

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[ . BACK to DARUMA MUSEUM TOP . ]

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3/30/2015

Legends Eight Heian

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. Legends about Onsen Hot Springs 温泉と伝説 - Introduction .
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Eight old Hot Springs 八古湯
since the Heian Period - 平安時代の「八古湯」

- according to 延喜式神名帳 Engishiki Jinmyocho -

有馬温泉 - Arima Onsen - Hyogo

道後温泉 - Dogo Onsen - Ehime

岩井温泉(鳥取県)Iwai Onsen - Tottori

いわき湯本温泉 - Iwaki Yumoto Onsen - Fukushima

川渡温泉(宮城県)- Kawatabi Onsen - Miyagi

鳴子温泉 - Naruko Onsen - Miyagi

玉造温泉 - Tamatsukuri Onsen - Shimane

湯元温泉 - Yumoto Onsen - Ibaraki


- - - among them the three oldest are 三古湯 / 三函の御湯
Arima, Dogo and Iwaki Yumoto.

- - - - - and other old Hot Springs :
. Tsuta Onsen 蔦温泉 Tsuta Hot Spring - Aomori
- - - - - 久安の湯 Kyuan no Yu .



Getoo Onsen 夏油温泉 Geto Hot Spring - Iwate
- source : japan-iwate.info-


under construction
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. Arima Onsen 有馬温泉 Arima Hot Spring . - Hyogo

. Dōgo Onsen 道後温泉 Dogo Hot Spring . - Ehime

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Iwai Onsen 岩井温泉 ‎
Tottori 鳥取県 岩美郡岩美町 Iwami



- - - - -  HP with the specialities of the Onsen
- source : www.yukamuri.net

Once upon a time
The second child of the courtier Fujiwara no Fuyutsugu 藤原冬嗣 (775 - 826), named Fuyuhisa 冬久, was very wise and learned, so his mother wanted him to take over the family name and business. (Customary it was the eldest son, not the second one.) Since it was against all reason, it could not be and his mother was very upset about it. He also lost his mind completely, developed a skin disease and finally left the home to take residence at Iwai.
One day he met a woman who showed him a hot spring:

"I am the Deity of Healing, 医王 I-O. I have waited for you here. Please make this hot spring available to all people to come here and get healed!"
Then the deity vanished.

Fuyuhisa later offered a statue of Yakushi Nyorai and founded the temple 東源寺 Togen-Ji.
He was soon known as 宇治長者 the Elder from Uji to all people.
Since 859 this is one of the Eight Old Hot Springs of the Heian period.



yukamuri 湯かむり dolls

One special way of using the hot spring here is called 湯かむり yukamuri, where the bather covers his head with a hand towel and pours the hot water over it with a special dipper 柄杓 while he chants a special song, 湯かむり歌 yukamuri uta, to count the time.




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. Naruko Onsen 鳴子温泉 . - Miyagi *


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- - - oldest hot springs in Kyushu

二日市温泉(次田『万葉集』)、
柴石温泉(赤湯)、
鉄輪温泉(玖倍里)、
亀川温泉(浜田。 - 以上『豊後国風土記』)、

別府温泉(速見『伊予国風土記』)、
武雄温泉(柄崎)、
嬉野温泉(嬉野)、
雲仙温泉(温泉山。 - 以上『肥前国風土記』)、

霧島温泉(霧島『続日本紀』)

source : www.city.chikushino.fukuoka.jp

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There are also hot springs called

Furuyu Onsen 古湯温泉 "Old Spa Hot Spring"


One is in 556 Fujicho Oaza Furuyu, Saga 佐賀.



- reference -

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. Join us ! Japanese Legends of Facebook ! .



. ONSEN 温泉 . おんせん Hot Springs .
- Introduction -

. Japanese Legends and Folktales .
- Introduction -

. Legends about Yakushi Nyorai 薬師如来 / 薬師様 / 薬師さん .
The Buddha of Medicine and Healing


- - - #legendsheian #heianlegendsonsen - - - - -
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. Join the MINGEI group on facebook ! .  



. Regional Folk Toys from Japan .

. Japan - Shrines and Temples .


. Tohoku after the BIG earthquake March 11, 2011

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[ . BACK to DARUMA MUSEUM TOP . ]

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