. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .
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kanju manju 干珠満珠 the tide jewels
manju kanju 満珠干珠
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Tide jewels
In Japanese mythology, the tide jewels-- individually, the kanju (干珠, lit. "(tide-)ebbing jewel") and manju (満珠, lit. "(tide-)flowing jewel")-- were magical gems that the Sea God used to control the tides. Classical Japanese history texts record an ancient myth that the ocean kami Watatsumi 海神 "sea god" or Ryūjin 龍神 "dragon god" presented the kanju and manju to his demigod son-in-law Hoori, and a later legend that Empress Jingū used the tide jewels to conquer Korea.
Tide jewels interrelate Japanese dragons and wani sea-monsters, Indonesian mythology, the nyoi-ju 如意珠 "cintamani; wish-fulfilling jewel" in Japanese Buddhism, magic jewels of Nāga kings in Hindu mythology, and the pearl associations of Chinese dragons in Chinese mythology.
- - - - - Terminology
The Japanese compounds kanju 干珠 lit. "ebb jewel" and manju 満珠 lit. "flow jewel" combine kan 干 (cf. 乾) "dry up; drain off; ebb (tides); recede; oppose" and man 満 "fill; full; rise (tides); fulfill; satisfy" with ju, shu, or tama 珠 "gem; jewel; precious stone; pearl; bead". Compare the reversible compounds kanman 干満 and mankan 満干 or michihi 満ち干 meaning "ebb and flow; high and low tides; the tides". Shiomitsu-tama 潮満珠 and shiohiru-tama 潮干珠 are archaic "tide jewel" names using shio or chō 潮 "tide; flow; salt water".
- - - - - Early references
Two Nara period (710-794 CE) historical texts record myths that the Sea God presented the kanju and manju to Hoori, and a Kamakura period (1192-1333 CE) text says the legendary Empress Jingū used the tide jewels to conquer a Korean kingdom in 200 CE.
The tide jewels
are central to "The Lost Fishhook" legend about the fisherman Hoderi and hunter Hoori, two brothers who argued over replacing a lost fishhook. Hoori went searching to the bottom of the sea, where he met and married Toyotama-hime, the daughter of the dragon Sea God. After living three years in the undersea Ryūgū-jō 竜宮城 "dragon palace castle", Ryūjin presented Hoori with his brother's fishhook and the tide jewels, and arranged for him to take his sea-dragon bride back to land.
- - - - - Kojiki
The ca. 680 CE Kojiki 古事記 "Record of Ancient Matters" uses the archaic names shiomitsu-tama 潮満珠 "tide-flowing jewel" and shiohiru-tama 潮干珠 "tide-ebbing jewel" in two consecutive passages.
The first describes the sea-god's advice to Hoori about how to confront his duplicitous brother Hoderi.
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- - - - - Nihongi
The ca. 720 CE Nihon shoki 日本書紀 "Chronicles of Japan" or Nihongi日本紀 has several references to tide jewels.
..... Empress Jingū found a Buddhist nyoi-ju 如意珠 lit. "as-one-wishes jewel",
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- - - - - Mizukagami
The ca. 1195 CE Mizukagami 水鏡 "Water Mirror", which is a collection of historical tales, confabulates the Nihongi legends about the tide jewels and Jingū conquering the Koreans (Bassett 1885:74). This text uses some different names, Sāgara 沙竭羅 (one of the 8 Dragon Kings) for the Sea God, and Koryo 句麗 or Koma 蓋馬 for the Korean kingdom Goguryeo.
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- - - - - Later references
The history of the kanju and manju tide jewels continues into the present day, long after the myths about Hoori's lost fishhook and Jingō's invented conquest.
..... The Japanese word for "pearl", shinju 真珠 lit. "true jewel", compares with kanju 干珠 "tide-ebbing jewel" and manju 満珠 "tide-flowing jewel".
This kanji 珠 is also pronounced tama, cognate with tama 玉 "jewel; gem; jade" seen above in the name Toyotama-hime and below in the next.
Princess Tamatori steals Ryūjin's tide jewels,
by Utagawa Kuniyoshi.
The fable of Tamatori-hime 玉取姫 "Princess Jewel Taker", which was a favorite ukiyo-e subject of Utagawa Kuniyoshi,
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Manju Shima 満珠島 "tide-flowing jewel island" and Kanju Shima 干珠島 "tide-ebbing jewel island" are uninhabited islets in the Kanmon Straits near Chōfu 長府 in Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi. In the 1185 CE Battle of Dan-no-ura during the Genpei War, the Minamoto (Genji) fleet defeated the Taira (Heike) fleet by taking advantage of the tides around these two islands.
In 1943, the Manju maru 満珠丸 and Kanju maru 干珠丸 Etorofu class coastal defense ships were named after the tide-jewel islands.
Several Shinto shrines were allegedly repositories for the ancient tide jewels. The ca. 1335 CE Usa hachiman no miya engi 宇佐八幡宮縁起 "History of the Hachiman Shrine at Usa" notes .....
..... the Ōwatatsumi-jinja 大海神社 in Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka and the Mekari-jinja 和布刈神社 in Moji-ku, Kitakyūshū purportedly housed the original tide jewels. The Yasaka Shrine in Kyoto annually holds the Gion Matsuri celebrating the legend of Jingū using the tide jewels to defeat the Koreans.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !
Umisachihiko うみさちひこ【海幸彦】Hoderi
Yamasachihiko やまさちひこ【山幸彦】 Hoori
. Food from the Sea, Food from the Mountains .
and
the deity Watatsumi 海神 / 綿津見
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- ABC - List of ebb and tide clay bells from the Prefectures
source : ezbbs.net/cgi/ 茶々丸
from Iminomiya jinja 忌宮神社 Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi
kanju manju no suzu 干珠満珠の鈴 clay bells of ebb and tide
. dorei どれい【土鈴】 clay bells from Japan .
- Introduction -
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. . . . . . . . . . Ehime
On a very small princess Daruma doll there is only one of these jewels.
The three jewels remind us of the Korean war of Empress Jinguu, which was favoured by a strong wind called "Treasure of Ebb and Tide" (kanju manju 干珠満珠). But come to think about this name, there should be only two jewels!
Two clay bells (dorei 土鈴) with the "Ebb and Tide" Jewel
© PHOTO 都道府県の民芸品
. Hoju and the "Crow Script" of the Kumano Shrines
Amulets with a design called "crow character" 烏文字.
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. . . . . . . . . . Fukuoka
. Koora Taisha 高良大社 Shrine Kora Taisha.
During her conquest of Korea, Empress Jingu Kogo stopped at 筑前国香椎 Chikuzen, Kashii to pray at the shrine to Sumiyoshi Myojin 住吉大明神. The Deity told her to get the Tide Jewels from the Dragon King Palace. When she asked how that could best be done, the Deity told her to sent Azumi Isora and have him dance for the Dragon King.
So she send her sister 豊姫 Toyohime and Azumi to the Dragon Palace and they returned with the Tide Jewels.
. Empress Jingu Kogo 神功皇后 .
. Azumi no Isora 阿曇磯良 .
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. . . . . . . . . . Hyogo
source : tsuchinosuzu.web.fc2.com/chiiki_kinki
海神社満珠 Watatsumi Jinja
5-1 Miyamotocho, Tarumi Ward, Kobe, Hyogo
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. . . . . . . . . . Kyoto
source : maharishi.co.jp/kyoto
Azumi no Isora holds the Tide Jewels, an expression of his superior understanding of the sea.
His ancestor is the deity Wadatsumi no Kami 少童命 / 綿津見神.
. Azumi no Isora 阿曇磯良 .
He is also venerated at Kasuga Taisha in Kyoto under the name of
Ame no Koyane no mikoto 天児屋根命 Amenokoyane
He was a sea admiral 海上指揮 in the time of Jingu Kogo during her Korean wars.
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. . . . . . . . . . Yamaguchi, Shimonoseki
kanju manju no rei 干珠満珠の鈴 clay bells of ebb and tide
Kanju-shima、Kanju-jima 干珠(かんじゅ)島 Kanju Island
Manju-shima, Manju-jima 満珠(まんじゅ)島 Manju Island
In 1958 Mount Hinoyama and the Islands Manju and Kanju with their forests were incorporated into the Setonaikai National Park. The islands have many Castanopsis sieboldii trees.
干珠満珠物語（かんじゅまんじゅものがたり）
The story of Kanju and Manju
- reference : hotokuenhp/yamaguchidensetu - senjyumanjyu -
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. Reference 干珠満珠 .
. gangu 玩具 伝説, omochcha おもちゃ toy, toys and legends .
- Introduction -
. Legends and Tales from Japan 伝説 - Introduction .
- - - #kanjumanju #tidejewles #watatsumi #claybells - - - - -
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御講凪満珠干珠の島浮かぶ
okoonagi manju kanju no shima ukabu
calm day for the Shinran ceremony -
the Tide Jewel Islands
float in the sea
Ryuuzu Mikiko 龍頭美紀子 Ryuzu Mikiko
. Okoonagi 御講凪 Memorial Ceremony for Saint Shinran Shonin 親鸞聖人 .
okoonagi 御講凪 calm wind during the honorable preaching ceremony
okoobiyori お講日和 fine day on the honorable preaching ceremony
- kigo for early winter -
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kookai shin, kookaishin 航海神 Kokaishin Deities of Seafarers - Legends
hooryooshin 豊漁神 Deities for a good catch
The Horyoshin 豊漁神 Deities for a good catch are venerated at
Mishima Jinja 三島神社 Mishima Shrine / 三嶋大社 in Shizuoka
Benten Shrine 江の島の弁天 at Enoshima, Kanagawa
Itsukushima Jinja 厳島神社 Itsukushima Shrine at Miyajima, Hiroshima
Kotohira Gu 琴平宮, 金毘羅さん Konpira Shrine in Kagawa
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Okinawa 沖縄県 伊平屋村 Iheya village
ryuuguu no kami リュウグウノカミ，hanadamaganashi ハナダマガナシ Kami of the Dragon Palace
In Iheya village this Kami of the Dragon Palace is also called hanadama ganashi ハナダマガナシ.
People come here to pray before going for a long sea trip.
ryuuguu no kami 竜宮の神， Nirai Kanai ニライ・カナイ，hooryooshin 豊漁神
. ryuuguu 竜宮と伝説 Ryugu Legends about the Dragon Palace .
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Yamagata 山形県 鶴岡市 Tsuruoka city 下川 Shimogawa
The Temple 善宝寺 Zenpo-Ji in Tsuruoka is famous from Tohoku to Kanto as a place to pray for a good catch.
In Mie it is the Temple 青峯山正福寺 Shofuku-Ji.
Once a statue of 十一面観音像 Kannon Bosatsu with 11 faces came riding on kujira 鯨魚 a whale.
She became the portector deity of fishermen and sailors at Shofuku-Ji.
Kujira Shusse Kannon 鯨山出現観音
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- reference : Nichibun Yokai Database -
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. Join the MINGEI group on facebook ! .
. Regional Folk Toys from Japan .
. Japan - Shrines and Temples .
. Tohoku after the BIG earthquake March 11, 2011
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